Perrinjaquet-Moccetti T, Busjahn A, Schmidlin C, Schmidt A, Bradl B, et al. J Nutr 134: 2314-2321. Covas MI, de la TK, Farre-Albaladejo M, Kaikkonen J, Fito M, et al. Available at: sovrana.com/ioocdef.htm (Accessed 23 June 2004). Olive Oil Consumption and Cardiovascular Risk in U.S. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. Front Nutr 1: 18. View abstract. The lipid-modifying effects of hydroxytyrosol have also been reported in the literature. (2010) Elevated circulating LDL phenol levels in men who consumed virgin rather than refined olive oil are associated with less oxidation of plasma LDL. The comparison of all three intervention periods showed no significant difference in the delta change for triglycerides (p = 0.1492). Different biotransformation pathways have been described for hydroxytyrosol. Traditional Brazilian Diet and Olive Oil Reduce Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Severely Obese Individuals: A Randomized Trial. Additionally, a natural hydroxytyrosol extract was integrated in the study design. Beauchamp GK, Keast RS, Morel D, et al. View abstract. Cherif S, Rahal N, Haouala M, et al. Overall, the data support the ability of pure hydroxytyrosol to maintain healthy LDL cholesterol levels. Nutrients. Olive oil and reduced need for antihypertensive medications. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 20: 284-294. Hydroxytyrosol from two different sources and a placebo were used as study products during the course of the study. Brackett RE. Donnelly, S. M., Ali, M. A., and Churchill, D. N. Effect of n-3 fatty acids from fish oil on hemostasis, blood pressure, and lipid profile of dialysis patients. Olive oil, other dietary fats, and the risk of breast cancer (Italy). Thirty (30) subjects were recruited to participate in the study (15 women and 15 men). View Table 1. Takeda R, Koike T, Taniguchi I, Tanaka K. Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of hydroxytyrosol of Olea europaea on pain in gonarthrosis. Minerva Stomatol. Hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenol especially known from olive oil, is available on the market from different sources. Both formulations were provided in the form of a highly water-soluble powder, where the pure hydroxytyrosol was of synthetic origin and the olive extract was of natural origin. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, also a cardiovascular risk factor, could be reduced through the intake of the phenolic-rich olive leaf extract [14]. Agarwal A, Ioannidis JPA. The phenols hydroxytyrosol and homovanillic acid were chosen as markers in urine. Keys A, Menotti A, Karvonen MJ , et al. The IOOC's Trade Standard Applying to Olive Oil and Olive Pomace Oil. Petroni, A., Blasevich, M., Salami, M., Papini, N., Montedoro, G. F., and Galli, C. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and eicosanoid production by phenolic components of olive oil. (1999) Extra-virgin olive oil increases the resistance of LDL to oxidation more than refined olive oil in free-living men with peripheral vascular disease. View abstract. J Intern Med 1999;246:191-201. J Pharmacopuncture. Patel PV, Patel A, Kumar S, Holmes JC. Intervention periods of four weeks were separated by wash-out phases of two weeks. In any case, pure hydroxytyrosol did have a physiologically relevant effect on LDL cholesterol. Cancer 2-1-1998;82(3):448-453. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Available at: www.fda.gov/Food/NewsEvents/ConstituentUpdates/ucm624758.htm. 2019;107(5):1540-1543. View abstract. Nutri Res 2007;27:470-7. View abstract. View abstract. Table 1: Baseline characteristics of subjects. Psaltopoulou T, Kosti RI, Haidopoulos D, Dimopoulos M, Panagiotakos DB. Olive oil isochromans inhibit human platelet reactivity. It has been suggested that these effects are partly attributable to the olive oil component of the diet [9]. 2003;11(4):226-234. Eur J Nutr 43: 140-147. View abstract. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41:312-5. Possible toxicity of olive leaf extract in a dietary supplement. Int J Prev Med. As a safety precaution, each visit also included monitoring for adverse events, concomitant medication and blood pressure measurement. At present, application of statins is the primary and secondary prevention for treating cardiovascular diseases [3]. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1996;111:210-7. Schwingshackl L, Lampousi AM, Portillo MP, Romaguera D, Hoffmann G, Boeing H. Olive oil in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and intervention trials. Within the study no concentration time curve in blood of hydroxytyrosol from the different sources and formulations were investigated. View abstract. Am J Clin Nutr. Galvo Cndido F, Xavier Valente F, da Silva LE, et al. Mol Nutr Food Res. Olive oil intake is inversely related to cancer prevalence: a systematic review and a meta-analysis of 13,800 patients and 23,340 controls in 19 observational studies. When corrected for urine volume, the amounts of hydroxytyrosol and homovanillic acid excreted confirm the significant uptake of hydroxytyrosol from study products in comparison to placebo (p < 0.0001), but show no difference between hydroxytyrosol-containing products (excreted hydroxytyrosol: p = 0.6487; homovanillic acid: p = 0.6419). Thromb.Res. The health benefits of the phenolic compounds in olive oil/olives have been well documented in recent decades. Marrugat J, Covas MI, Fito M, Schroder H, Miro-Casas E, et al. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:474-80. Olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf polyphenols improve insulin sensitivity in middle-aged overweight men: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. View Figure 1. Mol Nutr Food Res 57: 2079-2085. No effects on total cholesterol, triglycerides or HDL cholesterol were seen. View abstract. Shaw I. 2012 Aug;17(4):305-11. View abstract. To investigate any effects that ingestion of the study preparations may have on lipid status, the parameters of lipid status were evaluated using a linear mixed model that took sequence, period and treatment into account. Once absorbed, the phenols undergo first-pass intestinal/hepatic metabolism in the human body. After intake of hydroxytyrosol-containing study products, the homovanillic acid concentration increased 16.9-fold for the synthetic extract and 10.7-fold for the olive extract in comparison to baseline measurements. Guasch-Ferr M, Liu G, Li Y, et al. Olive oil consumption and 10-year (2002-2012) cardiovascular disease incidence: the ATTICA study. As key enzymes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity (HMG CR) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) were involved in inhibition. Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Muriana FJ, Guerrero A, et al. Olive extract supplement decreases pain and improves daily activities in adults with osteoarthritis and decreases plasma homocysteine in those with rheumatoid arthritis. Hydroxytyrosol was below the limit of detection only in two subjects after intake of pure hydroxytyrosol and in five subjects after intake of olive extract. View abstract. View abstract. The data presented in (Table 3) indicate that hydroxytyrosol is metabolized quickly and is predominantly excreted as the metabolite homovanillic acid. None of these AEs were related to the study products. 2011 Aug;17(3):167-9. Soltanipoor F, Delaram M, Taavoni S, Haghani H. The effect of olive oil on prevention of striae gravidarum: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Nutr Health Aging. J Nutr 2003;133:2532-6.. View abstract. Contact Dermatitis 1981;7:309-10. Due to the secondary nature of the analysis, the difference between the two active treatments and the placebo was assessed by means of pairwise tests performed without adjusting for multiple comparisons. Product specific investigations are needed because of different composition and formulations which might impact the health benefit. Samples were processed by SPE (Oasis HLB 3 cc (60 mg) extraction cartridges) after equilibration with methanol, conditioning with 0.05 M ammonium acetate buffer and elution with ethyl acetate. 2013 Nov;57(11):2079-85. View abstract. Nutrients. 2011 Jul 30;10:127. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 24: 3-18. The Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Disease: Gaps in the Evidence and Research Challenges. Blood was collected in S-Monovette serum tubes from Sarstedt (7.5 mL Z-Gel for serum), the serum was separated by centrifugation at 3000 g for 10 min. (2013) Human absorption and metabolism of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol ingested as olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extract. One subject dropped out prior to the end of the first intervention phase due to personal reasons. FDA completes review of qualified health claim petition for oleic acid and the risk of coronary heart disease. This might also be one explanation for slightly differing baseline values and why slightly elevated LDL cholesterol levels were seen even after the placebo intervention. No differences in the amounts of homovanillic acid excreted were detected between the pure hydroxytyrosol and the olive extract (p = 0.6419). Lee-Huang, S., Zhang, L., Huang, P. L., Chang, Y. T., and Huang, P. L. Anti-HIV activity of olive leaf extract (OLE) and modulation of host cell gene expression by HIV-1 infection and OLE treatment. Martin-Moreno JM, Willett WC, Gorgojo L, et al. How to Lower Your Chances of Getting Crohns Flares, Ulcerative Colitis: Problem Foods to Avoid. For further details, see the study flowchart in (Figure 1). An overview of lipid status during the different intervention phases is presented in (Table 2). ", Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Multi-Country Hepatitis Outbreak in Children, Needle-Free Epinephrine Options Are On The Horizon, Longer Vaccine Interval May Boost Antibodies 9 Times, How Walmart Is Rethinking Health (Medscape video), Dr. Whyte's Book: Take Control of Your Diabetes Risk, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox. The total volume of excreted urine over approximately 8 hours was determined, and an aliquot of urine stored at -80 until analysis. 2016 Apr 1129(1432):86-7. HTML| XML| ePub, ClinMed International Library. Clin Chem 49: 945-952. de Bock M, Thorstensen EB, Derraik JG, Henderson HV, Hofman PL, et al. Daily Use of Extra Virgin Olive Oil with High Oleocanthal Concentration Reduced Body Weight, Waist Circumference, Alanine Transaminase, Inflammatory Cytokines and Hepatic Steatosis in Subjects with the Metabolic Syndrome: A 2-Month Intervention Study. [35] using 45 mg of purified hydroxytyrosol (99.5%) showed no effect on blood lipids after 8 weeks of supplementation. Oleuropein is responsible for the bitter taste of olives and decreases as the fruit ripens. investigated the mechanisms underlying the lipid-modifying effects of hydroxytyrosol. Select a condition to view a list of vitamins. Therefore, product specific data are necessary. Vazquez-Velasco M, Esperanza DL, Lucas R, Gomez Martinez S, Bastida S, et al. View abstract. Pharmacokinetics of maslinic and oleanolic acids from olive oil - Effects on endothelial function in healthy adults. November 2018. View abstract. (2017) Antioxidant Effects of a Hydroxytyrosol-Based Pharmaceutical Formulation on Body Composition, Metabolic State, and Gene Expression: A Randomized Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. No changes in blood pressure were observed during intervention periods (data not shown). Other studies using animal models have also shown reductions in total and LDL cholesterol with olive oil polyphenol extracts or purified hydroxytyrosol [27,31]. (2008) Heart disease and stroke statistics--2008 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. This study investigated the lipid-lowering effect of hydroxytyrosol from different sources (a pure, synthetic product and an olive extract) in comparison to placebo in a healthy normolipidemic population. Pure hydroxytyrosol has been shown to reduce blood triglycerides, and total and LDL cholesterol, and to increase HDL cholesterol in a diet-induced model of atherosclerosis performed in hypercholesterolemic rabbits [29]. 2Department of Mathematics, Natural and Economic Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Ulm, Germany. Hydroxytyrosol and homovanillic acid in urine were evaluated after correcting for the volume of urine excreted over the period of 8 h. Data are presented for the full analysis set (FAS) for the intervention. de Bock M, Thorstensen EB, Derraik JG, Henderson HV, Hofman PL, Cutfield WS. Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvado J, et al. The extent of LDL lowering was remarkable, averaging 8% even in the normolipidemic population. 2019;11(8). As such, detectable amounts of homovanillic acid were measured in baseline urine samples. Complement Ther Clin Pract. Accessed January 25, 2019. (2006) One-month administration of hydroxytyrosol, a phenolic antioxidant present in olive oil, to hyperlipemic rabbits improves blood lipid profile, antioxidant status and reduces atherosclerosis development. This copyrighted material is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. Isaksson M, Bruze M. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from olive oil in a masseur. Furthermore, the leaves of the olive plant contain phenolic compounds at a much higher concentration than the olive fruit and oil [10-12]. One strength, but also possibly one limitation of the study was that it investigated lipid-modifying effects in subjects with normolipidemic status, thus limiting the expected effects. BioTeSys GmbH conducted the study as an independent contract research organization. Physiological variability and external confounding nutritional factors could possibly counteract the results in human studies. The dosage used was standardized to 30 mg/day hydroxytyrosol, which was administered over an intervention period of four weeks each, with a two-week wash-out phase in between. Filip R, Possemiers S, Heyerick A, Pinheiro I, Raszewski G, Davicco MJ, Coxam V. Twelve-month consumption of a polyphenol extract from olive (Olea europaea) in a double blind, randomized trial increases serum total osteocalcin levels and improves serum lipid profiles in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Trichopoulou A, Katsouyanni K, Stuver S, et al. Paris: Lavoisier Publishing, 1995. Clinical Practice Guideline (Update): Earwax (Cerumen Impaction). Cardiol Rev. In brief, an aliquot of urine was diluted 1:1 with 0.05 M ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5). What Is Heartburn, and How Long Does It Last? Temple NJ, Guercio V, Tavani A. Nutrition. Aziz NH, Farag SE, Mousa LA, et al. By contrast, the in vivo study published by Lopez-Huertas, et al. No differences in baseline levels were seen for the three intervention periods. 
J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:110-6. Eur J Clin Nutr 57: 604-611. View abstract. View abstract. Mycoses 2003;46(3-4):132-136. de la Torre R, Carb M, Pujadas M, et al. Of the subjects undergoing intervention with the olive extract, 13 reported 20 AEs (adverse events). Silva S, Gomes L, Leitao F, Coelho AV, Vilas Boas L (2006) Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Olea europaea L. Fruits and Leaves. The effect of olive leaf extract on upper respiratory illness in high school athletes: A randomised control trial. Al Waili, N. S. Topical application of natural honey, beeswax and olive oil mixture for atopic dermatitis or psoriasis: partially controlled, single-blinded study. PREDIMED trial of Mediterranean diet: retracted, republished, still trusted? (2006) Postprandial LDL phenolic content and LDL oxidation are modulated by olive oil phenolic compounds in humans. Bruneton J. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. Monitor your blood pressure closely. By contrast, after intake of hydroxytyrosol-containing preparations, hydroxytyrosol could be detected in most urine samples, and highly significant amounts were excreted for both preparations in comparison to placebo (p < 0.0001). Here we report a study on the absorption and the effects of a pure, synthetic form of hydroxytyrosol compared to an olive extract and a placebo. The excreted amounts of hydroxytyrosol and homovanillic acid confirm the uptake of the study products in comparison to placebo (p < 0.0001). The main exclusion criteria were dyslipidemia (defined as cholesterol > 250 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol > 160 mg/dL and triglycerides > 150 mg/dL), history or presence of significant cardiovascular disease or comorbidities, known allergies to the ingredients of the study preparation, the use of drugs or dietary supplements with potentially interfering lipid-modifying, anti-oxidative properties (up to two months prior to the study and throughout its duration), the use of hypertensive drugs, pregnancy or lactation, fat malabsorption, gastrointestinal diseases or conditions, gall bladder resection, chronic intake of anticoagulants, and alcohol or drug abuse. 2020;11:23. Aguila MB, Pinheiro AR, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Bratisl.Lek.Listy 2003;104(7-8):218-221. Plasma lipids, erythrocyte membrane lipids and blood pressure of hypertensive women after ingestion of dietary oleic acid from two different sources. Food Chem. In this context, the effect of hydroxytyrosol on lipid status was investigated in healthy subjects. After having given written informed consent and after completion of the screening procedures, subjects were invited for study visits. (2001) Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of hydroxytyrosol, a natural antioxidant from olive oil. 2005 - 2022 WebMD LLC. Barzi F, Woodward M, Marfisi RM, Tavazzi L, Valagussa F, et al. Visioli F, Galli C, Grande S, Colonnelli K, Patelli C, et al. The study was conducted in keeping with ICH-GCP (International Conference on Harmonisation-Good Clinical Practice) guidelines and in compliance with the declaration of Helsinki, and was reviewed by the Institutional Review board (IRB) of the Landesrztekammer Baden happen Wrttemberg without any concerns. Maltodextrin with no active substances was used as the placebo. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version. Furthermore, subjects collected their urine in sampling containers 8 hours prior to each visit to the study site in order to analyze hydroxytyrosol and homovanillic acid in their urine. Neither total cholesterol levels nor HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol levels were significantly affected by the study preparations. Kouli GM, Panagiotakos DB, Kyrou I, et al. View Table 2. Rees K1, Takeda A, Martin N, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. Ghobadi S, Hassanzadeh-Rostami Z, Mohammadian F, et al. It is converted into its unglycosylated form (oleuropein aglycone) by enzymatic hydrolysis and finally into hydroxytyrosol, which indicates maturation of the olives [16]. A double blind randomised controlled trial in healthy volunteers. Kountouri AM, Mylona A, Kaliora AC, Andrikopoulos NK (2007) Bioavailability of the phenolic compounds of the fruits (drupes) of Olea europaea (olives): impact on plasma antioxidant status in humans. Vilaplana-Perez C, Aunon D, Garcia-Flores LA, Gil-Izquierdo A (2014) Hydroxytyrosol and potential uses in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and AIDS. D'Angelo S, Manna C, Migliardi V, Mazzoni O, Morrica P, et al. Atherosclerosis 1987;63(2-3):137-143. Effect of Olive Oil in Preventing the Development of Pressure Ulcer Grade One in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Dietary fat, olive oil intake and breast cancer risk. Bosetti, C., Negri, E., Franceschi, S., Talamini, R., Montella, M., Conti, E., Lagiou, P., Parazzini, F., and La Vecchia, C. Olive oil, seed oils and other added fats in relation to ovarian cancer (Italy). Consumption of olive oil and specific food groups in relation to breast cancer risk in Greece. All substances were provided in capsules. View abstract. (2015) One-week administration of hydroxytyrosol to humans does not activate Phase II enzymes. A recent study in humans has shown that a phenolic-rich olive leaf extract reduced a number of cardiovascular risk factors, such as plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997;151:675-8. Castro M, Romero C, de Castro A, Vargas J, Medina E, Milln R, Brenes M. Assessment of Helicobacter pylori eradication by virgin olive oil. In a study of Colica, et al. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 73: 318-326. Eur J Nutr. Eur J Nutr 56: 1421-1432. Nagyova, A., Haban, P., Klvanova, J., and Kadrabova, J. 2016 Nov;10(6):809-10. Copyright: 2018 Siefer S, et al. All rights reserved. Tosti V, Bertozzi B, Fontana L (2018) Health Bedefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms. Overall the tolerability of the study products was very good. Scand.J.Rheumatol. 2019;27(3):127-130. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts. View abstract. Ann Thorac Surg. At the end of intervention, urine was sampled after intake of the evening dose of study products containing 15 mg of hydroxytyrosol (for the pure hydroxytyrosol and the olive extract). Rosato V, Temple NJ, La Vecchia C, Castellan G, Tavani A, et al. Circulation 117: e25-e146. Colica C, Di Renzo L, Trombetta D, Smeriglio A, Bernardini S, et al. Accepted: June 07, 2018 | Published: June 09, 2018, Citation: Siefer S, Wacker R, Wilhelm M, Schoen C (2018) Absorption of Hydroxytyrosol from Different Sources and its Impact on Lipid Status in Human Subjects. Hydroxytyrosol is one of the main phenolic components of olive oil and is present in the fruits and leaves of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.). Effects of dietary extra virgin olive oil on serum lipid resistance to oxidation and fatty acid composition in elderly lipidemic patients. 2012 Oct;20(5):263-6. Patti AM, Carruba G, Cicero AFG, et al. 2004 Nov 1; Docket No 2003Q-0559. *Corresponding author: Christiane Schoen, BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstr 54-56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany, Tel: +49711-310571-45, Fax: +49711-310571-51. The literature has shown a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases in individuals consuming a Mediterranean diet [7,8]. Helicobacter. The dosage of the two products used in the study was equivalent to an intake of 30 mg hydroxytyrosol daily. The minor changes summarized in (Table 2) can be attributed to normal physiological variability. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. D'Addato S, Scandiani L, Mombelli G, Focanti F, Pelacchi F, et al. Liccardi G, D'Amato M, D'Amato G. Oleaceae pollinosis: a review. This may have limited the ability to detect possible effects on triglycerides the normotriglyceridemic population. Olive oil intake and mortality within the Spanish population (EPIC-Spain). The study was a mono-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-way cross-over design with 30 healthy subjects. (2003) Mediterranean diet and all-causes mortality after myocardial infarction: results from the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Lopez-Miranda J, Perez-Jimenez F, Ros E, De Caterina R, Badimon L, et al. At the end of intervention, the amount of homovanillic acid excreted increased significantly after intake of hydroxytyrosol-containing products. J Med Food 2006;9(2):187-195. Ten subjects undergoing intervention with pure hydroxytyrosol reported 13 AEs, and 15 subjects undergoing intervention with the placebo reported 28 AEs. Both the pure hydroxytyrosol and the olive extract were administered in the form of a water-soluble powder, and proved to be safe and well tolerated. J Nutr Biochem 25: 683-691. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. View abstract. Karimi Z, Mousavizadeh A, Rafiei H, et al. Two capsules of the study preparations were ingested twice a day together with a meal (morning and evening). Food Science and Technology International 12: 385-395. Owen RW, Mier W, Giacosa A, Hull WE, Spiegelhalder B, et al. Phytomedicine 14: 659-667. A Randomized Clinical Trial of Greek High Phenolic Early Harvest Extra Virgin Olive Oil in Mild Cognitive Impairment: The MICOIL Pilot Study. View abstract. Bitler CM, Matt K, Irving M, et al. Santos ASEAC, Rodrigues APDS, Rosa LPS, Noll M, Silveira EA. In none of the intervention phases was a significant change found between the levels at baseline and end of intervention.
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