View Article At the same time, the theoretical grounding of the SBM research program remains a concern. View Article 2017;140:189-204. Beyond the purely commercial business model: Organizational value logics and the heterogeneity of sustainability business models. PubMed/NCBI The remainder of the article is structured as follows. Managing Sustainable Business-An Executive Education Case and Textbook. Elo S, Kyngs H. The qualitative content analysis process. View Article Finding 2: Dominant empirical focus on the energy, manufacturing and food sectors. Fundamentals of Sustainable Development, 3rd Edn. The remaining articles then were also analyzed individually. One of the most frequent understandings is provided by Osterwalder and Pigneur [26] who describe the building blocks in the business model architecture. This selection process was conducted with help of three research assistants, to resolve single coding issues. This has resulted in a variety of insights into SBM antecedents [17,18], definitions and building blocks [8,15], outcomes [19,20], and recommendations about the development, implementation and management of these business models [2123]. It is essential when conducting case study research to take account of a wide range of stakeholders to ensure valid and generalizable data [37,44]. This allows an analysis of the state-of-the-art on SBM and identification of research gaps in an objective, comprehensive and transparent way [54,55]. The complexity of the sustainability topic is tackled with the aid of examples, case studies, definitions, call-out boxes, figures, tables, links to websites, and other digital media resources. 2016;135:1218-32. View Article The sample includes 71 articles that mention their empirical geographical of focus. PubMed/NCBI Similarly, more longitudinal case studies could shed light on dynamics, changes and outcomes [70] while efforts have been made to experiment with how best to understand success and failure of the value proposition related to new business models [19,71]. PubMed/NCBI Stubbs and Cocklin [15] highlight that while SBMs need to continue to deliver value to shareholders and clients, they must not ignore a broader stakeholder approach. Google Scholar, 77. Organiz Environ. Finally, Dentchev et al. Moreover, SBM research should expand its empirical focus in terms of the sectors and countries studied. Agostini L, Nosella A. Interorganizational relationships in marketing: A critical review and research agenda. Following Kuhn [92], moving towards a normal science of shared theoretical beliefs, values, and methods around SBMs will take time, if attainable and desirable in the first place, and will be proceeded by a pre-paradigmatic stage of various theoretical perspectives being drawn upon. The sustainability imperative. They include energy, manufacturing and the food and beverage sectors. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Whelan, T., and Douglas, E. (2021). PubMed/NCBI A fast growing stream of literature within the broad realm of corporate sustainability that has emerged as a result of this recognition involves work on sustainable business models (SBMs) [59] (In addition to SBM, authors use sustainability business model, business model for sustainability, sustainable business model innovation and business model innovation for sustainability. Business model innovation for circular economy and sustainability: A review of approaches. Schaltegger et al. 2018;172:46-55. In sum, we need to know more about the factors which enable organizations to be prepared for the transition to a SBM. Also, integration of a comprehensive life cycle sustainability assessment into a SBM will be required to assess the impact of the SBM from a triple bottom line perspective [89]. Google Scholar, 69. The sustainability imperative has caused seismic effects on what is called business as usual. Sustainable development goals (SDGs) are increasingly used to better envisage the objectives of policies and strategies of governments and organizations (Isaksson, 2021; Vandenbrande, 2021). doi: 10.1080/14783363.2020.1864214. 2018;198:498-510. 2018;69:487-510. Manage. Business Model Innovation for Sustainability: Towards a Unified Perspective for Creation of Sustainable Business Models. Pettinger, R. (2020). First, the research questions are formulated (see previous sections). Google Scholar, 85. 2018;182:755-64. View Article To this end, the review follows a specific process. How to talk to your CFO about sustainability. However, future research could still use larger samples of articles. Sci. 2013;45:9-19. PubMed/NCBI Google Scholar, 52. J Clean Prod. These works address questions such as how to successfully manage the paradoxical tensions that are part of SBMs [22], how to integrate circular business models and circular supply chain management for sustainable development [48] and the importance of reframing the business models existing product and service offerings [46]. 2015;70(6):487. The second main research question asks What directions for further research do SBM scholars consider promising to explore? Based on an inductive analysis of future research sections we identify the main contours of a future research agenda. View Article Based on this inductive coding, three main dimensions with sub-dimensions, were identified: (1) Scope and methods, (2) Developing and managing SBMs, (3) Outcomes of SBMs. Google Scholar, 70. 2018;183:194-207. This review should be seen as the first milestone in a series of reviews of SBMs. Gauthier C, Gilomen B. [66] and Piscicelli et al. The geographic concentration of this research on a very specific, and relatively small part of Europe is noteworthy. doi: 10.1080/02602938.2020.1772718, Vandenbrande, W. W. (2021). 2019;101891. PubMed/NCBI Higher Educ. PubMed/NCBI J Clean Prod. Case studies are useful to bridge between theory and practice, and provide insights into the nature of SBMs, their core mechanisms and processes, how they should be managed and their outcomes. Google Scholar, 41. Gallo PJ, Antolin-Lopez R, Montiel I. Associative Sustainable Business Models: Cases in the bean-to-bar chocolate industry. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Environ. Compared to other textbooks that either take a more loosely connected stance to management school curriculum (see e.g., Roorda, 2020) or are written for managers (Weybrecht, 2014) or are case-based (Lenssen and Smith, 2019) or industry and IT-focused (see e.g., Pettinger, 2020), Foundations of Sustainable Business stays close to the business school curriculum while providing key sustainability insights. Abdelkafi N, Tuscher K. Business Models for Sustainability From a System Dynamics Perspective. PubMed/NCBI 26, 14731484. 2018;177:621-32. Next, the articles were imported into NVivo, a qualitative data analysis computer software package, this formed the basis for the subsequent analyses. J Clean Prod. Long et al. Organiz Environ. Google Scholar, 82. To address the first research question regarding identification of dominant characteristics of SBM studies, a deductive form of content analysis was applied. Only seven of the studies in the sample are based on quantitative research, mostly surveys, with four others based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis as part of a mixed methodology. PubMed/NCBI A systematic review of sustainable supply chain management in global supply chains. Stl HI, Corvellec H. A decoupling perspective on circular business model implementation: Illustrations from Swedish apparel. PubMed/NCBI Google Scholar, 58. This will require scrutiny of the meaning of a SBM and when it can be deemed to be successful. Bus. Google Scholar, 47. J Clean Prod. PubMed/NCBI 2009;461(7263):472-5. Kozlowski A, Searcy C, Bardecki M. The reDesign canvas: Fashion design as a tool for sustainability. J Clean Prod. Replicating studies and preliminary theories within settings beyond the usual countries and sectors (see Findings 3 and 4 above) would reduce bias [67] and prevent replication crises that have occurred in other fields such as psychology [68,69]. Sustainability. [62] provide a study of energy efficiency services in the Netherlands. Google Scholar, 73. Finally, as the SBM field matures there will be a need for quantitative and mixed-methods research. [29], Karlsson et al. Although the small number of studies employing quantitative methods might be due to the recent emergence of SBM research, more quantitative studies are welcome to allow the application of different methodologies and the exploitation of different research opportunities. Dentchev N, Rauter R, Jhannsdttir L, Snihur Y, Rosano M, Baumgartner R, et al. Google Scholar, 89. 2018;178:76-88. Companies increasingly include sustainable development goals and stakeholder orientation in their strategies. Roorda, N. (2020). We then present the main findings of the study after which the implications of these findings for the SBM literature are discussed and some conclusions are presented. This study contributes to the literature by offering a reflection on the focus of the SBM community to date, and proposes empirically grounded concrete directions for future research to provide a comprehensive and forward looking SBM research agenda. 2018;172:4565-79. Between coding rounds the researchers compared their findings, discussed and settled differences to achieve a consensual result to guarantee trustworthiness [59]. This paper analyzed and systematized the characteristics and focus of SBM research to date. 2018;175:82-95. This allowed systematic and robust analysis of ideas for future research within the SBM community. 2018;170:654-64. The analysis is based on a qualitative content analysis of 104 articles in primary outlets for SBM research. Environ. J Clean Prod. This approach is frequent in literature reviews since a focus on primary outlets offers some guarantee of robust and rigorous work. Also, while the manufacturing sector is diverse, its relevance in the context of SBMs is clear. Embracing the variety of sustainable business models: A prolific field of research and a future research agenda. Google Scholar, 72. Google Scholar, 37. Geissdoerfer M, Bocken NMP, Hultink EJ. Long Range Plan. There is another stream of work which examines how SBMs can be developed and how firms can navigate the process of implementing and managing them. First, a broadening of scope and methods would be useful. This needs a focus on one of the definitional pillars of a SBM, namely the wider system in which the model is embedded (see Section Defining a Sustainable Business Model). J Clean Prod. Rauter R, Jonker J, Baumgartner RJ. For instance, in Chapter 2 there is a letter from the former Ph.D. student to her supervisor asking for advice on a water contamination issue. PubMed/NCBI In this regard, there are two algebraic formulas in the sixth chapter of the book for the risk level and for the magnitude of harm. View Article Quantitative studies highlighting causalities, correlations and generalizations are scarce. Business models, business strategy and innovation. An empirical comparison of two peer-to-peer goods-sharing platforms. Google Scholar, 63. 2017;147:175-86. Google Scholar, 9. Therefore, rather than employing an organization-centric view, they promote a systems-based view which includes a more long-term perspective [8]. 2020;2(3):e200022. Going ones own way: drivers in developing business models for sustainability. Boons and Ldeke-Freund [13] focus on the interrelations between the sustainable innovation and business model literatures. The capability to rapidly and successfully move into new business models is an important source of sustainable competitive advantage and a key leverage to improve the sustainability performance of organisations. Google Scholar, 91. We further applied hierarchical cluster analysis to the articles and used co-citation analysis to group the interrelated articles into distinct sets. As Kurucz et al. Also, expanding the empirical focus of studies to more countries and sectors could lead to a more robust understanding of the differences and commonalities of developing and managing SBMs. View Article Third, paramount to the SBM must be an explicit emphasis on a broad range of internal and/or external stakeholders. 71 No. Is there a risk that the SBM concept and the potential of SBMs could be regarded as greenwashing? 2018;196:829-41. Tranfield D, Denyer D, Smart P. Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. Google Scholar, 71. [74] suggest that quantitative studies could provide evaluations of the potential implications and expected benefits of SBMs, and Pieroni et al. Following Zott et al.s [12] seminal business model review, the online literature database EBSCO Business Source Complete was used to collect articles. Google Scholar, 86. View Article PubMed/NCBI This triangular relationship calls for a strategic perspective of sustainability curricula. (2021). (Centre for Corporate Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Instituto Politcnico de Viseu e Universidade Catlica Portuguesa and. Business model design in sustainable entrepreneurship: Illuminating the commercial logic of hybrid businesses. This suggests that the concept is gaining traction. PubMed/NCBI Taken together, the SBM field is fertile ground for another ten years of interesting research to provide theoretically robust and practically relevant answers to societys pressing challenges. Finally, rather than assuming that SBMs lead to successful organizations and a more sustainable society, scholars should investigate the outcomes and impact of SBMs. Nevertheless, the authors invoke the standards and the guidelines provided by the International Organization for Standardization and the United Nations policies and norms, offering a global perspective to the book. The first author wrote all sections. Ciulli F, Kolk A. Incumbents and business model innovation for the sharing economy: Implications for sustainability. PubMed/NCBI Exploring the prerequisites, contextual factors and ecologies of the transition from a traditional business model to a SBM also deepens the understanding of these models. In the context of identifying models, tactics, strategies and mechanisms for managing SBMs successfully, Ritala et al. J Clean Prod. Which measurement- and control systems need to be in place to support a successful SBM. J Clean Prod. J Clean Prod. Davies IA, Chambers L. Integrating hybridity and business model theory in sustainable entrepreneurship. Several of the sample studies highlight the need for research to cover more countries and industries in order to get a better understanding of how SBM transformation and operationalization takes place [47]. In the next two chapters, sustainable leadership and legal frameworks for sustainability are presented. View Article J Clean Prod. Google Scholar, 65. In that sense, recent SBM studies drawing on institutional theory [73,78,82], evolutionary economics [76], paradox theory [22], actor-network theory [93], system dynamics [34], network theory [79], and resource dependence theory [84] are good examples of what could be the beginnings of a more profound theoretical engagement of SBM scholars towards a cumulative theory for studying SBMs. Teece DJ. J Clean Prod. J Clean Prod. Google Scholar, 68. van Bommel K. Managing tensions in sustainable business models: Exploring instrumental and integrative strategies. Google Scholar, 33. View Article Google Scholar, 34. 2013;13(5):482-97. Eval. How sustainable business models can better serve the base of the pyramid. For example, Biloslavo et al. 2017;140:1794-804. PubMed/NCBI Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. J Clean Prod. [6] examine successful adoption of SBMs through business model innovations. View Article 2016;29(3):264-89. A deeper understanding is needed about how companies need to evolve and what they need to do to create value in addition to monetary value. endobj doi: 10.1080/14783363.2019.1588724. 2005;15(9):1277-88. SBMs see firms as actors that are connected to and interrelated with other actors in the socio-economic system [13]. View Article Dembek K, York J, Singh PJ. ,6~/9Lg7r{+WUe$Twhr0Fj\MgpdLE;]v{ft~38[krIj2j3WKOwVO%P`m/hoRGG'*CfZ {:B*D ]*X7pGNVvKmuLmyg@i;|4CQ^G9M[9vaG,FX7I%v8MR Q:t+2-F9YAkM((!Zu7= !I-9_ ;s8 [52], a first round of open coding was applied to create tentative labels which were then discussed by the two researchers involved in the coding. In this respect researching scalability can be worthwhile as it is essential to truly advance such models (see e.g., [81]), as can an assessment of practical tools can guide the transition to, and development/management of SBMs? PubMed/NCBI Systematically analyzing the future research suggestions contained in the existing literature points to three main dimensions which require more investigation: (1) the scope and methods of studies, (2) developing and managing SBMs, and (3) understanding the outcomes of SBMs. These features were the research design and methods used, the countries and industries studied and the geographical clustering of the SBM research community. View Article J Bus Ethics. PubMed/NCBI The key search terms used to identify the data take account of the fact that different authors use different terminology to refer to SBMs. PubMed/NCBI This study aims to map scientific publications, intellectual structure and research trends in the sustainable business model (SBM) field. Google Scholar, 36. PubMed/NCBI Moreover, which measurement- and control systems need to be in place to support a successful SBM? 2014;4(1):1-10. 29, 34843494. In that respect, this review builds on recent work that aims to strengthen the overall SBM field and its research community [5,24]. PubMed/NCBI Manage. Finally, emphasis is put on the wider system in which a SBM is embedded. Despite the overall comprehensive content of the book, some topics need clarification to improve comprehension. PubMed/NCBI % 2017;168:1668-78. %PDF-1.5 J Clean Prod. Switzerland: Palgrave MacMillan. First, at its most general level, this study follows the words of former US president Harry S. Truman: There is nothing new in the world except the history you do not know. View Article PubMed/NCBI 2018;174:905-16. Indeed to quantify and calculate risk is a challenging endeavor. This study has some limitations which future reviews can address. View Article Google Scholar, 60. PubMed/NCBI Google Scholar, 35. 2019;220:553-67. Figure2 is a chronological summary of the articles published since 2008. 2012;6(2):95-119. Google Scholar, 78. J Clean Prod. Overall, these findings offer relevant contributions to the SBM literature and how it can help advance sustainable development. Its key contributions are: (1) a review of the key underlying concepts, discussing their similarities and differences and offer new definitions where there is an identified need; (2) we identify a research gap; and (3) we deduct research questions to address the gap. Google Scholar, 53. 2008;62(1):107-15. [52] and Merli and Preziosi [87] argue that more research is needed into what is fundamentally meant by sustainability and a truly sustainable organization, the criteria for SBM success and how it can actually be measured/determined. View Article 2013;50(2):285-306. 2018;172:4514-31. Stubbs W. Characterising B Corps as a sustainable business model: An exploratory study of B Corps in Australia. The role of finance and accounting in sustainability metrics is discussed in the fifth chapter. PubMed/NCBI 2 0 obj Total Qual. View Article PubMed/NCBI Case study data are useful also for firm managers wanting to innovate their business models. Google Scholar, 79. PubMed/NCBI 2018;177:378-86. On the one hand, the insights gathered in this review about past achievements ideally push scholars to reflect more on their research designs and sectoral and geographical focus of their future work. J clean Prod. Google Scholar, 59. Current sustainability problems force organizations to abandon business as usual and adopt a more expansive and potentially non-monetary value form. J Clean Prod. View Article These journals publish a great deal on sustainability but SBM studies are included also in more general business and management journals such as Long Range Planning and Research Policy. Google Scholar, 23. This studys second research question inductively analyzes what the academic SBM community, by means of their own future research suggestions, considers the most important areas for future study. Laasch O. Google Scholar, 50. A safe operating space for humanity. Google Scholar, 75. Google Scholar, 55. The analysis began with development of an a-priori categorization matrix [56] which allowed for the coding of several essential features of the output from SBM research over the previous ten years. PubMed/NCBI Inevitably, a new phenomenon such as SBM draws heavily on illustrative examples, and case and interview-based studies to obtain insights into what the concept means and how it is put into practice. LmV]y\4B(L$ ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V.
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